Conductive and Catalytic Triple‐Phase Interfaces Enabling Uniform Nucleation in High‐Rate Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Rechargeable lithium–sulfur batteries have attracted tremendous scientific attention owing to their superior energy density. However, the sulfur electrochemistry involves multielectron redox reactions and complicated phase transformations, while the final morphology of solid‐phase Li₂S precipitates largely dominate the battery's performance. Herein, a triple‐phase interface among electrolyte/CoSe₂/G is proposed to afford strong chemisorption, high electrical conductivity, and superb electrocatalysis of polysulfide redox reactions in a working lithium–sulfur battery. The triple‐phase interface effectively enhances the kinetic behaviors of soluble lithium polysulfides and regulates the uniform nucleation and controllable growth of solid Li₂S precipitates at large current density. Therefore, the cell with the CoSe₂/G functional separator delivers an ultrahigh rate cycle at 6.0 C with an initial capacity of 916 mAh g^?1 and a capacity retention of 459 mAh g^?1 after 500 cycles, and a stable operation of high sulfur loading electrode (2.69–4.35 mg cm^?2). This work opens up a new insight into the energy chemistry at interfaces to rationally regulate the electrochemical redox reactions, and also inspires the exploration of related energy storage and conversion systems based on multielectron redox reactions.     

Three New Polyacetylene Glycosides from the Roots of Heracleum dissectum and Their Triglyceride Accumulating Activities in 3T3‐L1 Cells

Continually phytochemical study of the roots of Heracleum dissectum had led to the isolation of three previously undescribed polyacetylene glycosides ( 1 – 3 ), together with seven known compounds, including one polyacetylene ( 8 ) and six coumarins ( 4 – 7 and 9 – 10 ) using diverse chromatographic methods. The structures of these three new compounds were characterized and identified as deca‐4,6‐diyn‐1‐yl β‐d ‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐d ‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐d ‐glucopyranoside ( 1 ), (8Z)‐dec‐8‐ene‐4,6‐diyn‐1‐yl β‐d ‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐d ‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐d ‐glucopyranoside ( 2 ), and (8E)‐dec‐8‐ene‐4,6‐diyn‐1‐yl β‐d ‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐d ‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐d ‐glucopyranoside ( 3 ) based on their physicochemical properties and extensive analyses of various spectroscopic data. Their triglycerides accumulating activities were assayed and the results showed that the three new polyacetylene glycosides ( 1 – 3 ) exhibited triglyceride accumulating activities in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes.     

Flexible Na/K‐Ion Full Batteries from the Renewable Cotton Cloth–Derived Stable,Low‐Cost,and Binder‐Free Anode and Cathode

Flexible Na/K‐ion batteries (NIBs/KIBs) exhibit great potential applications and have drawn much attention due to the continuous development of flexible electronics. However, there are still many huge challenges, mainly the design and construction of flexible electrodes (cathode and anode) with outstanding electrochemical properties. In this work, a unique approach to prepare flexible electrode is proposed by utilizing the commercially available cotton cloth–derived carbon cloth (CC) as a flexible anode and the substrate of a cathode. The binder‐free, self‐supporting, and flexible cathodes (FCC@N/KPB) are prepared by growing Prussian blue microcubes on the flexible CC (FCC). Na/K‐ion full batteries (FCC//FCC@N/KPB) are assembled by using FCC and FCC@N/KPB as anode and cathode, respectively. Electrochemical performance, mechanical flexibility, and practicability of FCC//FCC@N/KPB Na/K‐ion full batteries are evaluated in both coin cells and flexible pouch cells, demonstrating their superior energy‐storage properties (excellent rate performance and cycling stability) and remarkable flexibility (they can work under different bending states). This work provides a new and profound strategy to design flexible electrodes, promoting the development of flexible NIBs/KIBs to be practical and sustainable.     

L-氨基酸脱氨酶的分子改造及其用于全细胞催化法生产α-酮戊二酸条件的优化

酮戊二酸(α-ketoglutaric acid,α-KG)是谷氨酸脱氨基的酮酸产物,作为一种重要的有机酸广泛用于食品、医药、精细化工等领域。为提高L-氨基酸脱氨酶全细胞催化法合成α-KG的效率及产量,首先通过优化全细胞催化剂制备条件及全细胞转化反应条件,包括发酵过程中的温度、诱导剂浓度、诱导剂添加时刻、诱导时间等;全细胞转化过程中的温度、pH、细胞量、转化时间。各个条件优化后以200g/L谷氨酸钠为底物时,产量最终提高了54. 9%,摩尔转化率为39. 6%。其次,通过定点饱和突变对L-氨基酸脱氨酶进行定向进化以提高其催化能力。经过多次突变、筛选,最优突变体E. coli BL21-pET-20b(+)-pm1152催化200g/L谷氨酸钠生成α-KG最高产量为100. 9g/L,摩尔转化率为64. 7%,较最初对照菌株提高了66. 3%。结果表明,条件优化和饱和突变可有效提高重组大肠杆菌全细胞转化合成α-KG的能力。     

覆膜支架腔内修复术与药物保守治疗对Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者肝肾功能、炎性因子以及预后的影响

目的:比较覆膜支架腔内修复术与药物保守治疗对Standford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的疗效及对患者肝肾功能、炎性因子及预后的影响。方法:选择2012年1月～2014年8月我院收治的Standford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者68例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组与研究组,各34例。对照组入院后采取药物保守治疗,研究组应用覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗。观察两组住院期间死亡率、再次手术或介入率以及治疗前、治疗2周后肝肾功能、血清炎性因子变化。所有患者随访36个月,比较两组患者预后情况。结果:研究组再次手术或介入率为2.94%,低于对照组的22.58%(P0.05)。治疗2周后,研究组丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、胱抑素C、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、γ-干扰素(INF-γ)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平较治疗前降低(P0.05),且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者均随访36个月,随访12个月时两组患者生存率分别为100.00%和80.65%,随访36个月时两组患者生存率分别为91.18%和29.03%,经Log Rank分析显示,两组生存率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗Standford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的疗效确切,能够改善患者肝肾功能,降低炎症反应,患者近中期随访生存率较高,其效果优于保守治疗。     

围手术期应用ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸对胃癌根治术患者术后恢复及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨围手术期应用ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸对胃癌根治术患者术后恢复及生活质量的影响。方法:选择2015年1月～2016年12月期间南充市中心医院收治并行胃癌根治术的胃癌患者100例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组接受常规静脉营养支持治疗,观察组在此基础上接受ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸治疗。检测并比较两组患者术前、术后1d、术后2周血清视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、前白蛋白(PA)、白蛋白(ALB)、转铁蛋白(RTF)、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+细胞水平,并于术前、术后2周应用生活质量核心量表(EORTCQ LQ-C30)评价患者生活质量。结果:两组患者术后1d以及对照组术后2周的RBP、PA、ALB、RTF、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均较术前显著降低(P0.05),而CD8~+均较术前显著升高(P0.05),术后1 d、术后2周观察组RBP、PA、ALB、RTF、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+显著高于对照组(P0.05),而CD8~+显著低于对照组(P0.05);术后两组患者EORTCQ LQ-C30功能量表各项评分较术前均显著提高,症状量表各项评分较术前显著降低(P0.05),术后观察组功能量表各项评分显著高于对照组,症状量表各项评分显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:应用ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸能够促进胃癌根治术后患者机体免疫功能的恢复,改善患者的营养状况,提高患者的生活质量。     

Nuclear fast red‐based colorimetric sensors for sensitive and selective detection of Ag ions

The reduction of nuclear fast red (NFR) stain by sodium tetrahydroboron was catalyzed in the presence of silver ions (Ag⁺). The fluorescence properties of reduced NFR differed from that of NFR. The product showed fluorescence emission at 480 nm with excitation at 369 nm. Furthermore, the fluorescence intensity of the mixture increased strongly in the presence of Ag⁺ and Britton–Robinson buffer at pH 4.78. There was a good linear relationship between increased fluorescence intensity (ΔI) and Ag⁺ concentration in the range 5.0 × 10^?9 to 5.0 × 10^?8 M. The correlation coefficient was 0.998, and the detection limit (3σ/k) was 1.5 × 10^?9 M. The colour of the reaction system changed with variation in Ag⁺ concentration over a wide range. Based on the colour change, a visual semiquantitative detection method for recognition and sensing of Ag⁺ was developed for the range 1.0 × 10^?8 to 5.0 × 10^?4 M, with an indicator that was visible to the naked eye. Therefore, a sensitive, simple method for determination of Ag⁺ was developed. Optimum conditions for Ag⁺ detection, the effect of other ions and the analytical application of Ag⁺ detection of synthesized sample were investigated.     

Determination of oxytetracycline hydrochloride in milk and egg white samples using Ru(bipy)32+–Ce(SO4)2 chemiluminescence

A novel, rapid and sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method for the determination of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTCH) is described in this paper. The presented method was based on the fact that OTCH could immensely enhance the CL of the reaction of cerium sulfate and tris(2,2‐bipyridyl) ruthenium (II) in acidic medium. Under optimal experimental conditions, CL intensity was favorably linear for OTCH in the range 5.0 × 10^?7 to 5.0 × 10^?5 g/ml, with a detection limit of 1.5 × 10^?7 g/ml (S/N = 3). The relative standard detection was 4.76% for 5.0 × 10^?6 g/ml (n = 11). This method was successfully applied to the analysis of OTCH in milk and egg white samples. According to the results of the kinetic curves for OTCH in the Ru(bipy)₃²⁺–Ce(SO₄)₂ CL system, together with CL and ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectra, the possible mechanism of the CL reaction is discussed briefly.